Integrand size = 22, antiderivative size = 716 \[ \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{c+\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx=\frac {d x}{c}+\frac {\left (b d-c e-\frac {b^2 d-2 a c d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt {3} c^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (b d-c e+\frac {b^2 d-2 a c d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt {3} c^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (b d-c e-\frac {b^2 d-2 a c d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} c^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (b d-c e+\frac {b^2 d-2 a c d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} c^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (b d-c e-\frac {b^2 d-2 a c d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 \sqrt [3]{2} c^{4/3} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (b d-c e+\frac {b^2 d-2 a c d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \log \left (\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 \sqrt [3]{2} c^{4/3} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}} \]
d*x/c-1/6*ln(2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x+(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/3))*(b*d-c*e+(2*a *c*d-b^2*d+b*c*e)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(2/3)/c^(4/3)/(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2 ))^(2/3)+1/12*ln(2^(2/3)*c^(2/3)*x^2-2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x*(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/ 2))^(1/3)+(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(2/3))*(b*d-c*e+(2*a*c*d-b^2*d+b*c*e)/(-4 *a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(2/3)/c^(4/3)/(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(2/3)+1/6*arctan(1 /3*(1-2*2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x/(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/3))*3^(1/2))*(b*d-c*e+ (2*a*c*d-b^2*d+b*c*e)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(2/3)/c^(4/3)*3^(1/2)/(b-(-4*a *c+b^2)^(1/2))^(2/3)-1/6*ln(2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x+(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/3) )*(b*d-c*e+(-2*a*c*d+b^2*d-b*c*e)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(2/3)/c^(4/3)/(b+( -4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(2/3)+1/12*ln(2^(2/3)*c^(2/3)*x^2-2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x*(b+ (-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/3)+(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(2/3))*(b*d-c*e+(-2*a*c*d +b^2*d-b*c*e)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(2/3)/c^(4/3)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^( 2/3)+1/6*arctan(1/3*(1-2*2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/3))*3 ^(1/2))*(b*d-c*e+(-2*a*c*d+b^2*d-b*c*e)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(2/3)/c^(4/3 )*3^(1/2)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(2/3)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 88, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.12 \[ \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{c+\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx=\frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\text {RootSum}\left [a+b \text {$\#$1}^3+c \text {$\#$1}^6\&,\frac {a d \log (x-\text {$\#$1})+b d \log (x-\text {$\#$1}) \text {$\#$1}^3-c e \log (x-\text {$\#$1}) \text {$\#$1}^3}{b \text {$\#$1}^2+2 c \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ]}{3 c} \]
(d*x)/c - RootSum[a + b*#1^3 + c*#1^6 & , (a*d*Log[x - #1] + b*d*Log[x - # 1]*#1^3 - c*e*Log[x - #1]*#1^3)/(b*#1^2 + 2*c*#1^5) & ]/(3*c)
Time = 1.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 550, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.77, number of steps used = 13, number of rules used = 12, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.545, Rules used = {1727, 1826, 1752, 750, 16, 27, 1142, 25, 27, 1082, 217, 1103}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}+c} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1727 |
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {x^3 \left (d x^3+e\right )}{a+b x^3+c x^6}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1826 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\int \frac {(b d-c e) x^3+a d}{c x^6+b x^3+a}dx}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1752 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \int \frac {1}{c x^3+\frac {1}{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )}dx+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \int \frac {1}{c x^3+\frac {1}{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )}dx}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 750 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2^{2/3} \int \frac {2 \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{c} x+\frac {\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}}dx}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2^{2/3} \int \frac {2 \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{c} x+\frac {\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\sqrt [3]{2}}}dx}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 16 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2^{2/3} \int \frac {2 \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2^{2/3} \int \frac {2 \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1142 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \int \frac {1}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{2}}-\frac {\int -\frac {\sqrt [3]{c} \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{4 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b} \int \frac {1}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{2}}-\frac {\int -\frac {\sqrt [3]{c} \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{4 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \int \frac {1}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{c} \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{4 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b} \int \frac {1}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{c} \left (2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{4 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \int \frac {1}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx\right )}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b} \int \frac {1}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{2}}+\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx\right )}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1082 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx+\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{-\left (1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )^2-3}d\left (1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx+\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{-\left (1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )^2-3}d\left (1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-4 \sqrt [3]{c} x}{2 c^{2/3} x^2-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{c} \sqrt [3]{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} x+\sqrt [3]{2} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}dx-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1103 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {d x}{c}-\frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{c}}-\frac {\log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x \sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{2/3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-2 a c d+b^2 d-b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+b d-c e\right ) \left (\frac {2\ 2^{2/3} \left (-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x}{\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{c}}-\frac {\log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x \sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}+2^{2/3} c^{2/3} x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt [3]{c}}\right )}{3 \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {2^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}+\sqrt [3]{2} \sqrt [3]{c} x\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{c} \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{c}\) |
(d*x)/c - (((b*d - c*e - (b^2*d - 2*a*c*d - b*c*e)/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*((2^ (2/3)*Log[(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(1/3) + 2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x])/(3*c^(1/3)*( b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(2/3)) + (2*2^(2/3)*(-1/2*(Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 - (2*2 ^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x)/(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/c^(1/3) - Log[( b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(2/3) - 2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(1/ 3)*x + 2^(2/3)*c^(2/3)*x^2]/(4*c^(1/3))))/(3*(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(2/3) )))/2 + ((b*d - c*e + (b^2*d - 2*a*c*d - b*c*e)/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*((2^(2/ 3)*Log[(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(1/3) + 2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*x])/(3*c^(1/3)*(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(2/3)) + (2*2^(2/3)*(-1/2*(Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 - (2*2^(1 /3)*c^(1/3)*x)/(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/c^(1/3) - Log[(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(2/3) - 2^(1/3)*c^(1/3)*(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(1/3)* x + 2^(2/3)*c^(2/3)*x^2]/(4*c^(1/3))))/(3*(b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])^(2/3)))) /2)/c
3.1.39.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(c_.)/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2) Int[1/ (Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x), x], x] + Simp[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2) Int[(2*Rt[a, 3] - Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3]^2*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*S implify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Simp[-2/b Subst[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b )], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] || !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /; Fre eQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x + c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]
Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c) Int[1/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Simp[e/(2*c) Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x]
Int[((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_.)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^( n_))^(q_.), x_Symbol] :> Int[x^(n*(2*p + q))*(e + d/x^n)^q*(c + b/x^n + a/x ^(2*n))^p, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, n}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && IntegersQ[ p, q] && NegQ[n]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^(n_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_)), x _Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Simp[(e/2 + (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q)) Int[1/(b/2 - q/2 + c*x^n), x], x] + Simp[(e/2 - (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q)) I nt[1/(b/2 + q/2 + c*x^n), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, n}, x] && EqQ[n2 , 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] && (PosQ[b^2 - 4*a*c] || !IGtQ[n/2, 0])
Int[((f_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^(n_))*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_) + ( c_.)*(x_)^(n2_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[e*f^(n - 1)*(f*x)^(m - n + 1)*((a + b*x^n + c*x^(2*n))^(p + 1)/(c*(m + n*(2*p + 1) + 1))), x] - Simp[f^n/(c*( m + n*(2*p + 1) + 1)) Int[(f*x)^(m - n)*(a + b*x^n + c*x^(2*n))^p*Simp[a* e*(m - n + 1) + (b*e*(m + n*p + 1) - c*d*(m + n*(2*p + 1) + 1))*x^n, x], x] , x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, p}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[m, n - 1] && NeQ[m + n*(2*p + 1) + 1, 0] && Intege rQ[p]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 67, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.09
| method | result | size |
| default | \(\frac {d x}{c}+\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{6} c +\textit {\_Z}^{3} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\left (-b d +e c \right ) \textit {\_R}^{3}-d a \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{2 \textit {\_R}^{5} c +\textit {\_R}^{2} b}}{3 c}\) | \(67\) |
| risch | \(\frac {d x}{c}+\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{6} c +\textit {\_Z}^{3} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\left (-b d +e c \right ) \textit {\_R}^{3}-d a \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{2 \textit {\_R}^{5} c +\textit {\_R}^{2} b}}{3 c}\) | \(67\) |
d*x/c+1/3/c*sum(((-b*d+c*e)*_R^3-d*a)/(2*_R^5*c+_R^2*b)*ln(x-_R),_R=RootOf (_Z^6*c+_Z^3*b+a))
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 8707 vs. \(2 (580) = 1160\).
Time = 3.35 (sec) , antiderivative size = 8707, normalized size of antiderivative = 12.16 \[ \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{c+\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{c+\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
\[ \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{c+\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {d + \frac {e}{x^{3}}}{c + \frac {b}{x^{3}} + \frac {a}{x^{6}}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{c+\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {d + \frac {e}{x^{3}}}{c + \frac {b}{x^{3}} + \frac {a}{x^{6}}} \,d x } \]
Time = 25.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 11453, normalized size of antiderivative = 16.00 \[ \int \frac {d+\frac {e}{x^3}}{c+\frac {a}{x^6}+\frac {b}{x^3}} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
log((3*a*x*(a*b^4*d^4 - 2*a*c^4*e^4 - b^5*d^3*e + 2*a^3*c^2*d^4 + b^2*c^3* e^4 - 4*a^2*b^2*c*d^4 - 3*b^3*c^2*d*e^3 + 3*b^4*c*d^2*e^2 + 8*a*b*c^3*d*e^ 3 + 2*a*b^3*c*d^3*e + 4*a^2*b*c^2*d^3*e - 9*a*b^2*c^2*d^2*e^2))/c - (2^(2/ 3)*((2^(1/3)*(81*a*c^3*e*x*(4*a*c - b^2)^2 - (81*2^(2/3)*a*b*c^3*(4*a*c - b^2)^2*((b^7*d^3 + b^4*d^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 16*a^2*c^5*e^3 - b^4 *c^3*e^3 - 32*a^3*b*c^3*d^3 + 8*a*b^2*c^4*e^3 - b*c^3*e^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^ 3)^(1/2) + 48*a^3*c^4*d^2*e + 3*b^5*c^2*d*e^2 + 32*a^2*b^3*c^2*d^3 + 2*a^2 *c^2*d^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 10*a*b^5*c*d^3 - 3*b^6*c*d^2*e - 4*a*b ^2*c*d^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 24*a*b^3*c^3*d*e^2 + 27*a*b^4*c^2*d^2* e + 48*a^2*b*c^4*d*e^2 - 6*a*c^3*d*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 3*b^3*c* d^2*e*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 72*a^2*b^2*c^3*d^2*e + 3*b^2*c^2*d*e^2*(- (4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 9*a*b*c^2*d^2*e*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2))/(c^4*(4 *a*c - b^2)^3))^(1/3))/2)*((b^7*d^3 + b^4*d^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 1 6*a^2*c^5*e^3 - b^4*c^3*e^3 - 32*a^3*b*c^3*d^3 + 8*a*b^2*c^4*e^3 - b*c^3*e ^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 48*a^3*c^4*d^2*e + 3*b^5*c^2*d*e^2 + 32*a^2* b^3*c^2*d^3 + 2*a^2*c^2*d^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 10*a*b^5*c*d^3 - 3* b^6*c*d^2*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d^3*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 24*a*b^3*c^3*d*e^2 + 27*a*b^4*c^2*d^2*e + 48*a^2*b*c^4*d*e^2 - 6*a*c^3*d*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^ 3)^(1/2) - 3*b^3*c*d^2*e*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 72*a^2*b^2*c^3*d^2*e + 3*b^2*c^2*d*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + 9*a*b*c^2*d^2*e*(-(4*a*c - ...